Thursday, October 31, 2019

Microeconomices Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Microeconomices - Term Paper Example f individuals, firms, and industries in terms of producing and consuming of economic goods and services, the concept of cost is relevant as it affects microeconomic activities of the units concerned. For consumers and individuals who are not familiar with the concepts of costs, one might have the tendency to discard this as irrelevant and immaterial. However, close examination of these underlying theories would enlighten consumers on their effects on prices and quantities of goods which are normally offered to the public. It is therefore the objective of this essay to present relevant concepts, theories and applications concerning costs in microeconomics. The costs to be discussed range from opportunity cost, production costs, marginal cost, cost of externalities, the law of diminishing returns and economies of scale. It is interesting to note that in economics, all costs are considered opportunity costs. As rationalized by Petroff (par. 2), â€Å"anytime a resource is used for any purpose, it implies that some other good cannot be produced with that quantity of the resource, that some other resource is not used for the given production instead, and that revenues from other production are foregone. Thus, costs are either explicit cost for the resource used or implicit costs from alternative use of the resource.† To use a practical application, for a consumer who decided to buy a television set, the opportunity cost could be the value of a trip to a nearby beach resort which was not taken due to the purchase. Productions costs are normally related to firms or business enterprises engaged in manufacturing or producing goods for sale to the public. The concept of productions costs are not only discussed in microeconomics but more so in accounting or finance. Production managers are tasked with monitoring the costs of raw materials as well as labor and overhead costs to maximize profits. These costs could be classified as fixed, variable and total costs. Petroff

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Hnc Accounts - Business Law Outcome Essay Example for Free

Hnc Accounts Business Law Outcome Essay There are two institutions in the UK that have the power to make statutory legislation in Scotland. The first of these institutions is Westminster (London) where elected individuals serve in the House of Commons. These members are known as MP’s (Members of Parliament). Parliament is responsible for passing new laws (legislation). In the late nineties the House of Commons allowed the passing of devolved powers to the newly created Scottish Parliament. Only certain powers were transferred to Holyrood and Westminster still control the laws that govern Tax, National Security and many others. Westminster is still regarded as Primary Legislation. This means that any law made by Westminster in reserved matters of policy must be adhered to by the Scottish Parliament. The second of these institutions is Holyrood (Edinburgh) where 129 elected individuals serve in the Scottish Parliament. These members are known as MSP’s (Members of Scottish Parliament). The Scottish Parliament was created on the 11th Sept 1997. The voters in Scotland took part in a referendum where they voted on a Devolved Scottish Parliament. This meant that Westminster would allow this devolved parliament to create laws in certain areas of policy. The Scottish people voted for a devolved parliament and the devolved powers were transferred from Westminster to The Scottish Parliament on the 1st July 1999. Westminster reserved certain powers that still govern many areas of Scotland today but the devolved powers allow Scotland to pass laws and regulate in areas such as Agriculture, Health and Housing to name a few. The process of making primary legislation in the UK follows a very strict procedure of three distinct stages. An MP, Lord or a member of the public can raise a bill to suggest a change of law (legislation). The first stage  of the process involves a parliamentary committee of members. They will review the bill and decide whether it moves to the second stage. The second stage allows amendments to the bill and allows the bill to be scrutinized by the committee and member. If the bill passes this stage then the third stage involves a member vote. If a majority of the members vote for the bill then the bill will be passed and presented to the Queen to receive a Royal Assent. The bill is now law. Common Law has a major role in Scots law today and it draws on four separate elements. Common Law is often referred to as the ‘Unwritten Law’ or ‘Historical Law’. This unwritten law has developed over centuries and draws from different sources. 1. Common law is based on Equity. Equity is the process of allowing judges to apply fairness or justice when there is no legislation to refer to. They must base these decisions on fairness and equality for all. When the judge follows this process of Equity he/she is actually making the law. This is called Precedent and we will talk about this in more detail in point 4. 2. Common law is also based on Institutional Writing. Centuries ago men of a higher class would finish their schooling in the various cities of Europe. These men would learn the laws of other countries and on their return to their estates in the UK would write about these laws and use them to govern their own estates. Institutional Writings no longer hold the authority as days gone by as Government Legislation and Judicial Precedent are supreme and overrule Institutional writings if they are based on similar cases. 3. Common Law is also based on Custom. Custom is when over a long period of time a particular habit is recognized by the people or social grouping. An example of this would be ‘common law husband’ where the couple are not in fact married but have lived as such so therefore the man would be entitled to the same rights as a legal husband. 4. The most important piece of common law in the courts today is Judicial Precedent. Judicial Precedent is where a judge or jury has no other legislation or act of parliament to decide a particular dispute and any decision they make will be followed in the future for any other similar disputes. A precedent can only be superseded by a higher court, government legislation or act of  parliament. Judicial Precedent tries to keep the law stable. Consistency through the court system is vital when trying to uphold the virtues of Fairness and Equality. The four key institutions of the European Union are the Council of Ministers, European Parliament, European Court of Justice and the European Commission. Each of these institutions has a representative from each member nation to allow a voice from each of the member states. The European Commission along with the Council of Ministers can change and amend laws within the European states. The Commission, unlike The Council of Ministers, has the power to change Regulations and issue Directives (these are orders passed by the European Commission or The Council of Ministers to ensure legislation is implemented within all the member states). If a state, company or persons break or do not comply with European law then it is the European Commission who will raise a court action against those who are not complying. The Council of Ministers is the legislative body of the EU. They are head of decision making and law/regulation introduction in the EU. They are the most powerful of all the institutions in Europe. Although the Council has the highest power there are still areas of legislation that the Council cannot pass with the advisory input of the European Parliament. The European Parliament is to advise and make recommendations to the Council of Ministers in various areas of legislation. They will review any piece of legislation or directive and give their opinions on the matter. If the Commission does not implement the recommendations of the Parliament then they must advise why they have not done so. The Parliament cannot change, implement or make European law and are there solely as an advisory Parliament. The European Court of Justice is the highest court within the European states on Community law (laws that have been issued by the Commission or Council of Ministers). If a state, company or persons fail to abide by the regulations  and directives issued by the Commission then it is the Court of Justice responsibility to ensure the law is observed. The Commission will initiate the proceedings and allow the member state an opportunity to defend itself against the complaint. If that process does not result in the breach being rectified the action will then go to the Courts of Justice. There are two main types of European Legislation. They are Directive Regulation. 1. Directive legislation allows the European Commission to give a timescale for a piece to legislation to be introduced. Directives are issued to ensure that law is common throughout the European Countries. They keep the peoples equality to fairness and equality protected throughout the member states. If a country does not adhere to these directives sanctions can be issued. 2. Regulation Legislation is required in an emergency situation or crisis. They must be acted upon immediately by the state that the order is against. An example of this would be the BSE crisis in the 90’s when an immediate ban was put on the importing and exporting of beef from the UK. All member states had to adhere to this regulation to ensure that British beef stocks did not contaminate the other member states beef stock.

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Doctrine of Judicial Precedent

Doctrine of Judicial Precedent The Extent the Doctrine of Judicial Precedent Allows for Judicial Law Making, In a legal parlance, judicial precedent is referred to as the tradition of judges who are bound to follow the decisions laid down in previous cases which exhibit similarity of facts. Arguably, stare decisis forms the basic tenet of judicial precedent. Ideally, the principle would mean that in practice the decisions rendered by the superior courts are supposed to bind the lower courts in subsequent cases. As a result, legal scholars have argued that this legal tradition ensures that the law promotes fairness and consistency. A good example of judicial precedent is elaborated in Donoghue v Stevenson[1] where the House of Lords reasoned that consumers were owed a duty of care by manufacturers. Subsequently, the decision laid down, bound the court in Grant v Australian Knitting Mills[2]. For the record, as a source of law, judicial precedent offers judges a reference point in future cases. On the first premise, it is important to note that a binding precedent would occur only where the factual features of the previous case resemble the current one. This decision is whats known as the Ration Decidendi, and should not be confused with the Obiter Dicta, which is persuasive in nature only. Arguably, it is from this point of view that legal scholars have concluded that the doctrine is complex in practice and open to misinterpretation. In the UK court hierarchy, courts at the bottom are bound by judgments entered by the higher courts. At the summit, lies the European Court of Justice (one should take notice that the UK has voted to leave the EU), second in superiority is the House of Lords whose decision mandatorily bounds every court below it. A second tier appeal enables the HOL to redirect law when taken a wrong turning. This is found in The Court of Appeal which possesses two divisions. Arguably, the rulings of the European Court of Justice and the House of Lords bind th ese two divisions. Also, the two divisions, are bound by their own decisions[3], although there is flexibility with respect to how the criminal division handles cases involving persons liberty[4]. The High Court together with the Divisional Courts is supposed to follow the decisions rendered by the House of Lords. However, it is worth noting that the lower courts cannot overturn these rulings, often diminishing the role of judges when in disagreement[5]. Appreciative of the facts discussed above, between the year 1898 and 1966, it was an already established tradition that the House of Lords should mandatorily follow their previous decisions. As a result, this made the law to be very consistent in their applications due to judgments rendered in London Street Tramways v London County Council[6]. Ideally, it was from this observation that Lord Gardiner LC in 1966 delivered a Practice Statement[7], noting that the rigid adherence to precedent may lead to injustice in a particular case and also unduly restrict the proper development of the law.[8] Arguably, this opinion by Lord Chancellor illustrates the doctrines limitations and lack of flexibility. A recent example of this can be found in R v R[9] whos decision only reiterated what we already know. However, be that as it may, the doctrine allows a small opportunity for judicial lawmaking through the prism of distinguishing, overruling and reversing. The two techniques appeared to be endorsed by the statements of the Lord Chancellor where he opined that the House of Lords would be permitted to depart from a previous decision when it appears right to do so.[10] This would mean that departing from previous decisions would lessen the rigidity of the principle and expand the scope of judicial precedent as a lawmaking tool. Distinguishing is used in situations where the judge draws a distinction between the current case and a previous case which ordinarily he or she would be bound by, they would then proceed by showing that the facts differ and not suffice to bind them. As a result, the judge departs from being bound by the previous decision thus allowing a new law to be created. The differences in Balfour V Balfour[11] and Merritt v Merritt[12] were so pronounced. Although the two cases pertained a wife and a husband, in Balfour v Balfour it had the characteristic of a domestic arrangement implying that legal intention did not exist. However, in Merrit v Merrit it was clear that the so-called agreement was created after the two had separated, which meant that the agreement was binding legally. Keenly looking through this window, the doctrine allows minimally for judicial lawmaking. Another scenario is overruling, where the judge rules that the judgment rendered in a past case is erroneous. Through the Practice Statement, the House of Lords has the leeway to overrule their decisions. For example, in Davis v Johnson[13] and also in Pepper v Hart[14], the House of Lords opined that parliamentary Hansard could be consulted to decipher the meaning of particular words in a legislation however this is only when so called legislation is riddled with ambiguity or absurdity[15]. Finally, reversing is where the decisions by the lower courts are overturned by a higher court. For example, the High Court rulings or judgments can be overturned by the Court of Appeal. In conclusion, the doctrine of judicial precedent has been mostly referred to as a fetter[16] in the English legal system. As demonstrated, it is this rigidity which has limited its scope to acting as a judicial lawmaking tool. Certainty in law is very critical. However, that being said, rigidity in judicial precedent negatively affects the development of the law. Looking at this perspective, one would agree with Lord Halsbury wisdom that there is more to the law than a mere process of logical deduction.[17] Table of Authorities Balfour v Balfour [1919] 2 KB 571 (CA) Davis v Johnson [1978] AC 264 (HL) Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 (HL) Grant v Australian Knitting Mills [1936] AC 85 (PC) London Street Tramways v London County Council [1898] AC 375 (HL) Merrit v Merrit [1970] 1 WLR 1211 (CA) Pepper v Hart [1992] AC 593 (HL) R v R [1992] 1 A.C. 599 (HL) Young v Bristol Aeroplane Co Ltd [1944] KB 718 (CA) Books Barker D and Padfield C, Law (1st edn, Made Simple 2002) Denning A, The Discipline Of Law (1st edn, Butterworths 1979) Walsh-Atkins P, AS UK Government Politics (1st edn, Philip Allan Updates 2010) Wilson S and Storey T, English Legal System (2nd edn, Oxford University Press 2016) Journals McCormick D, Can stare decisis be abolished? (1966) 11 Juridical Review 196 Pickett C, Precedent in the Court of Appeal (1980) 43 Modern Law Review 136 [1] [1932] AC 562 (HL). [2] [1936] AC 85 (PC). [3] As seen in Young v Bristol Aeroplane Co Ltd [1944] KB 718 (CA) 719 (Lord Greene MR). [4] Wilson SR and others, English Legal System (2nd edn, Oxford University Press 2016) 148 [5] Patrick Walsh-Atkins, AS UK Government Politics (1st edn, Philip Allan Updates 2010). [6][1898] AC 375 (HL). [7] Practice Statement (Judicial Precedent) [1966] 1 WLR 1234 [8] Alfred Thompson Denning, The Discipline of Law (1st edn, Butterworths 1979). [9] [1991] 1 AC 599 (HL). [10] Neil MacCormick, Can stare decisis be abolished? (1966) 11 Juridical Review 196. [11] [1919] 2 KB 571 (CA). [12] [1970] 1 WLR 1211 (CA). [13] [1978] AC 264 (HL). [14] [1992] AC 593 (HL). [15] ibid [617] (Lord Griffiths), [621] (Lord Brown Wilkinson). [16] D. L. A Barker and Colin F Padfield, Law (1st edn, Made Simple 2002). [17] McCormick (n 9).

Friday, October 25, 2019

In The Camps Essay examples -- essays research papers fc

In the Camps Concentration camp is a term that stirs up many emotions. How did they come about? What were they exactly? And just what went on inside those walls? Many have tried to give a full description of what life in the camps was like. With toady’s fast moving and knowledgeable media the public has become very informed on the subject at hand. The fact still remains that few were there, so few can know what really happened. These three poignant questions posed above could each take eternity to fully understand. This is a short explanation of the atrocities that the Nazi’s handed out to the innocent victims of the Holocaust.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How exactly did concentration and extermination camps come about, legally speaking? On first glance it seems that in toady’s modern and civil world that nothing of this nature could ever happen. In fact it happened due to article 48, paragraph 2 in the German Constitution. Here the president is given far reaching emergency powers. This article was used by Paul von Hindenburg in 1933 giving protective custody to protect the state’s security. From there in momentum gained. On April 12, 1934 an edict from the Ministry of the Interior was introduced governing protective custody grounds for establishment of camps. This edict also decreed that those sent to concentration camps were under the rule of the Gestapo and their release was indicative to the discretion of this secret service.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Power is a strange phenomena. Once the Gestapo had legal rights to cruelty the act of playing God became easier to abuse. Terrence Des Pres explains this best by stating: â€Å"As power grows, it grows more and more hostile to everything outside itself. Its logic is inherently negative, which is why it ends by destroying itself. . . The exercise of totalitarian power, in any case, does not stop with the demand of outward compliance. It seeks, further, to crush the spirit, to obliterate that active inward principle whose strength depends on its freedom from entire determination by external forces. And thus the compulsion, felt by men with great power, to seek out and destroy all resistance, all spiritual autonomy, all sign of dignity in those held captive. . .The death of the soul was aimed at.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This verifies the purpose of these camps as given by Bruno Bettleheim. He ... ... Press, 1994. Levi, Primo. The Drowned and the Saved. excerpt on-line. available from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.spectacle.org/695/clothes.html. Orenstein, Henry. I Shall Live: Surviving Against all Odds. New York: Beaufort Books,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1987. â€Å"Auschwitz and Birkenau.† on-line. available from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/7071/auschwitz.html. â€Å"Pincus at Auschwitz.† Accounts obtained through: South Carolina Voices: Lessons from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the Holocaust.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  on-line. available from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://library.advanced.org/12663/survivors/witness.html. â€Å"Rudy at Auschwitz.† Accounts obtained through: South Carolina Voices: Lessons from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the Holocaust. on-line. available from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://library.advanced.org/12663/survivors/witness.html. â€Å"Zyklon-B.† on-line. available from http://www.spectacle.org/695/zyklonb.html. on-line. available from http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/7071/auschwitz.html. on-line. available from http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/7071/concentration.html. In The Camps Essay examples -- essays research papers fc In the Camps Concentration camp is a term that stirs up many emotions. How did they come about? What were they exactly? And just what went on inside those walls? Many have tried to give a full description of what life in the camps was like. With toady’s fast moving and knowledgeable media the public has become very informed on the subject at hand. The fact still remains that few were there, so few can know what really happened. These three poignant questions posed above could each take eternity to fully understand. This is a short explanation of the atrocities that the Nazi’s handed out to the innocent victims of the Holocaust.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How exactly did concentration and extermination camps come about, legally speaking? On first glance it seems that in toady’s modern and civil world that nothing of this nature could ever happen. In fact it happened due to article 48, paragraph 2 in the German Constitution. Here the president is given far reaching emergency powers. This article was used by Paul von Hindenburg in 1933 giving protective custody to protect the state’s security. From there in momentum gained. On April 12, 1934 an edict from the Ministry of the Interior was introduced governing protective custody grounds for establishment of camps. This edict also decreed that those sent to concentration camps were under the rule of the Gestapo and their release was indicative to the discretion of this secret service.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Power is a strange phenomena. Once the Gestapo had legal rights to cruelty the act of playing God became easier to abuse. Terrence Des Pres explains this best by stating: â€Å"As power grows, it grows more and more hostile to everything outside itself. Its logic is inherently negative, which is why it ends by destroying itself. . . The exercise of totalitarian power, in any case, does not stop with the demand of outward compliance. It seeks, further, to crush the spirit, to obliterate that active inward principle whose strength depends on its freedom from entire determination by external forces. And thus the compulsion, felt by men with great power, to seek out and destroy all resistance, all spiritual autonomy, all sign of dignity in those held captive. . .The death of the soul was aimed at.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This verifies the purpose of these camps as given by Bruno Bettleheim. He ... ... Press, 1994. Levi, Primo. The Drowned and the Saved. excerpt on-line. available from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.spectacle.org/695/clothes.html. Orenstein, Henry. I Shall Live: Surviving Against all Odds. New York: Beaufort Books,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1987. â€Å"Auschwitz and Birkenau.† on-line. available from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/7071/auschwitz.html. â€Å"Pincus at Auschwitz.† Accounts obtained through: South Carolina Voices: Lessons from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the Holocaust.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  on-line. available from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://library.advanced.org/12663/survivors/witness.html. â€Å"Rudy at Auschwitz.† Accounts obtained through: South Carolina Voices: Lessons from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the Holocaust. on-line. available from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://library.advanced.org/12663/survivors/witness.html. â€Å"Zyklon-B.† on-line. available from http://www.spectacle.org/695/zyklonb.html. on-line. available from http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/7071/auschwitz.html. on-line. available from http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/7071/concentration.html.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

English as Lingua Franca Essay

Do you know that of all the languages in the world, English is the most entertaining and pleasurable language? The amusement of English expounds why we park our car on the driveway and drive our car on the parkway. When we explore in more detail of its paradoxes, we may later discover that quicksand can work slowly, boxing rings are square and guinea pig is neither from Guinea nor it is a pig. If we hurled back, English has been widely dispersed around the world when British Isle began with the growth of the British Empire. In Malaya, English is mandatory for each and every citizen during the colonial of British. Due to the colonization, it left a profound impact in Malaya as English became the second language among Malaysians. In spite of obvious influence of English to our daily life, Malaysians still find it difficult to converse in proper English. The standards of English deteriorate rapidly in our country. We often hear Malaysians speak the so called ‘rojak’ language; for instance, they say â€Å"You eat already ah? † instead of saying â€Å"Did you have your meal? † Therefore, we as Malaysians need to take up English Language as it is the cornerstone of success in life! In the era of consolidation and trying to unify various aspects of life, English is needed economically as it is the global language of mercantile. The headline, â€Å"Japanese Firms say no English, no job†, adapted from The Star on ninth of July 2010 clearly portrays the vitally importance of English for job seekers. The world of business today requires only employees with the excellent command of English. From email to presentation, marketing and exportation of information, English is essential as it is the dominant language. Let me impeach you, how would you survive without English during travelling business especially to English speaking countries? Could you communicate with the native speakers? Obviously not! Therefore, it is crystal clear that English is of utmost importance in the globalization of world trade. When we take command of this language, we open new doors for commerce. Besides, English Language operates as the lingua franca of this new millennium. It is a significant element to foster bridges gap and connects people around the globe. With English acting as an international language, it enables people who do not share a common native language to interact. This can be seen as English is well known as the medium of communication among travellers. It would catch your imagination if you wonder the absence of English to the world. For instance, while you’re having a stroll in the street, a Spanish guy approaches you and enquires about the route to the closest bank. He would say, â€Å"Excuse me, may I know where the nearest bank? † and you will definitely answer â€Å"It’s located behind the Grand Hotel. † What if he said â€Å"perdone, donde se encuentra el banco mas cercano? It is akin to communicate with an alien from Neptune because you do not really understand what they inquire. Hence, it is needed socially in linking the world together. Apart from communication, English Language is being placed steadfastly within the academic domain. By taking up English, it broadens our horizons because almost 60% of books in worldwide are written in English. A high level of proficiency in this language has lead our quotidian life filled with knowledge. Moreover, it enables professors and scientists around the globe to share their studies. It is convenient as professors from different countries can interact with each other without the need of a translator, which is a total waste of time. By sharing all the theories and discoveries, it becomes possible for us to gain further achievement in technology. Have you ever contemplated the possibility for us to for us to enjoy a luxury life of science without English as a medium of interaction between academicians? It is totally out of question! Thus, the role of English is vital as it makes our life more comfortable and continues to ameliorate the standard of living today. After carefully dissecting the importance of English Language, the verdict is clear: English plays a crucial role in our life. Paolo Coelho famously said â€Å"When you want something, the entire universe conspires in helping you to achieve it. † On a similar vein, when you earnestly desire to take up English, chances are usually you will succeed. The importance of English cannot be undermined as it is the determining factor in our ultimate quest: success. After all, there is no reason why learning English can’t be fun. Before I end this, let us have a brainteaser. There is neither pine nor apple in pineapple, but why do we called it pineapple?

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Ingenious vs. Ingenuous

Ingenious vs. Ingenuous Ingenious vs. Ingenuous Ingenious vs. Ingenuous By Simon Kewin Be careful with ingenious and ingenuous. Sometimes a single letter can make a great deal of difference to the meaning of a word. Take, for example, the two words ingenious and ingenuous. Ingenious means clever, original or inventive. It derives ultimately from the Latin word ingenium, which means a natural capacity or talent. It’s the same word from which engine, among other words, derives. So, a talented or clever person could be described as ingenious, as could a device or idea that is particularly clever or well-suited to its purpose. Ingenuous, however, means innocent and unsuspecting, perhaps in a childlike way. It derives from a separate Latin word, ingenuus, meaning native or freeborn. It’s the same word from which ingenue/ingenu derives, meaning a naà ¯ve young woman/man. Originally, ingenuous tended to have a more positive sense than it does now : it meant candid, frank or honourable. Today, the word often has more negative overtones. To be ingenuous is to be unsophisticated. So, the one letter difference between ingenious and ingenuous gives us two words that actually have more-or-less opposite meanings. Be careful which you use. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Meaning of "To a T"44 Resume Writing TipsAdvance vs. Advanced